Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis following autologous haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation.

Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative histiocytic disorder of unknown origin. The lesions of LCH contain single or multifocal proliferation of histiocytes similar in phenotype to dendritic Langerhans’ cells (1). The disorder ranges in clinical severity from a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of bone to a generalised disease with multiple organ involvement. Primary involvement of the lung is rare and only few isolated cases have been reported (2). Occasionally, pulmonary LCH has been reported to be associated with Hodgkin’s disease (3); the underlying pathogenic mechanism of such association remains unknown. Here, we report the case of a 19-year-old patient who developed pulmonary LCH 2 months after receiving an autologous haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (AHPCT) for Hodgkin’s disease.